China has begun construction on its first “super plant” dedicated to reusable rockets in the eastern city of Hangzhou. The project, led by Beijing-based Space Epoch, marks a significant milestone for the country’s commercial space ambitions.
The facility, valued at 5.2 billion yuan ($740 million), officially commenced construction on January 7. It is designed to produce medium-to-large liquid-fueled rockets capable of multiple uses and sea recovery.
According to local media Hangzhou Daily, the plant will have the capacity to manufacture up to 25 reusable rockets annually once fully operational. These rockets are expected to carry high payloads at relatively low cost.
Wei Yi, founder and chairman of Space Epoch, likened reusable rockets to taxis, saying satellites are the passengers and constellations of satellites are like buses carrying tourists. His analogy highlights the shift toward frequent, economical access to space.
Currently, mainstream Chinese rocket launches cost approximately 80,000 to 100,000 yuan per kilogram. Space Epoch aims to reduce this cost to 20,000 yuan per kilogram through its “stainless steel plus liquid oxygen and methane” solution.
The Hangzhou super plant represents a major step toward industrial-scale production of commercial reusable launch vehicles in China. Analysts say it signals a move from isolated tests to systematic manufacturing capabilities.
Private aerospace firms in China are increasingly playing a central role in the global space sector. This mirrors trends seen internationally, where private companies are accelerating innovation in reusable technology.
Space Epoch’s “Yuanxingzhe 1” test rocket completed its first sea recovery flight in May, setting a precedent for further reusable rocket experiments. The success of this flight demonstrates the technical feasibility of recovery-focused launches.
Other Chinese private companies, including Space Pioneer and Galactic Energy, have conducted various experiments with reusable rockets since late 2025. These tests include vertical takeoff and landing maneuvers and near-orbit recovery operations.
State-backed rockets like Long March 12A and LandSpace’s Zhuque 3 have also participated in trials to explore key propulsion and recovery technologies. Collectively, these efforts reflect a multi-pronged approach to advancing the sector.
Despite some failures, the cumulative progress underscores a transition from small-scale experimental projects to systematic, engineering-driven development. Observers note that China is rapidly narrowing the gap with global leaders.
Internationally, SpaceX continues to dominate with its Starbase facility in Texas, assembling and testing Starship rockets. China’s push for reusable launch capabilities is seen as a strategic move to compete in the commercial space market.
The Hangzhou plant’s focus on sea recovery will reduce operational costs and increase launch frequency. Experts suggest this capability could make Chinese rockets competitive with international counterparts in terms of reliability and pricing.
Industrializing reusable rocket production allows private firms to scale operations efficiently. Economies of scale will make satellite launches more affordable for both domestic and international customers.
China’s government has encouraged private sector involvement in space technology, providing regulatory and funding support to accelerate innovation. Space Epoch’s project exemplifies the results of such policy encouragement.
The project also signals the broader commercialization of space in China. As more private companies develop reusable technologies, the country is moving closer to offering commercial space travel and large satellite constellation services.
Technical innovations, such as stainless steel hulls and methane propulsion, provide durability and cost efficiency. These solutions allow rockets to withstand multiple launches without extensive refurbishment.
Observers note that reusable rockets could transform satellite deployment, enabling faster build-out of communication, navigation, and Earth observation constellations. This shift could enhance China’s strategic and commercial positioning in space.
The Hangzhou super plant is part of a broader trend where private aerospace firms worldwide are increasing their technological capabilities. China aims to match the industrial-scale approach pioneered by SpaceX and other leading international players.
Analysts predict that the facility will not only advance China’s commercial ambitions but also strengthen its domestic aerospace supply chain. Collaboration between private and state-backed entities will be key to achieving this vision.
China’s push for reusable rockets reflects a long-term strategy to lower launch costs, increase launch frequency, and compete in the global market for commercial space services. The Hangzhou plant is expected to be a central hub in this effort.
The project is viewed as a historic step toward industrializing spaceflight in China. With private firms like Space Epoch leading the way, the country is positioning itself for sustained growth in the era of reusable rockets.
